Climate affects where organisms can live
1.deserts, glasslands, and forests casued by global air circulation
2.def. biomes, patch
Patch斑塊：指可以作為同質處理的土地單位，具有生態系統的特性，其空間尺度通常為10-100m(100-10000m2)
UCMP的線上資料-The world's biomes
herbs草本植物
lichens地衣
mosses苔蘚
coniferous結毬果的
deciduous落葉性的
There are three major types of desert
3.tropical deserts, Shara (27N)and Namib(25S)
4.temperate desert, Mojave(加州內華達州35N)
5.cold desert, Gobi desert (44N)
5.1 fig5-10 tropical seasonal forest熱帶季節林, scrubland硬葉灌叢帶, savanna疏林草原, chaparral常綠密生灌木叢
baking烘焙,烘烤
roast烤,炙
shiver發抖,打顫
strewn (strew)鋪蓋
sparse稀疏的
shrub矮樹;灌木
Science focus-- staying alive in the desert
6.beat the heat and every drop of water counts
7.drop(no) leaves, fleshy多肉的 tissue, pores 氣孔open only at night, deep roots or widely spread roots, wax-coated leaves or needles, store in seeds.
8.small, dormant冬眠的;休眠的, dense hair, does not sweat, water store in fat(動,植物)脂肪, dthick outer covering, dry feces 排泄物, dried concentrate of urine尿
cacti(cactus)仙人掌
mesquite豆科灌木
creosote木焦油灌木
dormant 冬眠的;休眠的
succulent【植】肉質的
spine(動、植物的)刺,針
precious珍貴的
germinate發芽;生長
carpet地毯
dazzling使目眩,使眼花
beat打敗
burrow洞穴,地道
crevice裂縫,裂隙
kangaroo rat
There are three major types of glasslands
9.seasonal drought, grazing by large herbivores, occasional fires
10.tropical grassland, savanna, niches
11.temperate grassland, aboveground parts of most of the grasses die (or fire), tall-grass prairies and short-grass prairies, winds and fires hindering tree growth. have fertile soil transfor growing crops and grazing cattle.
低草型草原short grassland：草層高度在50 cm以下的草原。高草型草地grassland of tallgrass type ：草高80 cm或100 cm以上的草地。
12.cold grassland or arctic tundra, thick, spongy mat of low-growing plants.
13.permafrost
14.alpine tundra
clump樹叢
acacia刺槐
thorns刺,棘
grazing吃草
browsing吃葉(或嫩枝)
hoofed有蹄的
wildebeest牛羚
gazelle瞪羚
giraffe長頸鹿
anteople羚羊
hyena鬣狗,土狼
shoot幼芽,幼枝
stems莖
tap (為抽液而作的)穿刺
ice cap冰帽,冰蓋
scant少量的
carpet地毯
spongy海綿狀的
mat地蓆;草蓆
dwarf侏儒
consecutive連貫的
soaking浸泡
bog沼澤,泥塘
waterlogged水澇的
horde群;一大群
colonies集群;群體
waterfowl水鳥;水禽
musk ox麝香牛
lemming旅鼠(北極產)
caribou北美馴鹿
scars疤;傷痕
There are three major types of forest
15.tropical rain forest, broadleaf evergreen plants, draped with vines(lianas), cover 2% of the earth's land surface, contain at least half of the known terrestrial species, niches in distinct layers, decompose quickly, most nutrients are in tree.
16.temperate deciduous forest, dominated by a few species of broadleaf deciduous trees, slow rate of decomposition.
17.evergreen coniferous forest, boreal forest and taiga, dominated by a few species of coniferous evergreen trees, high soil acidity, contain a variety of wildlife.
18.coastal coniferous forests or temperate rain forests, ample rainfall or moisture form dense ocean fogs.
boreal北極的
laden裝滿的
illumination照明,照亮
dim微暗的
greenish微綠的
drape覆蓋
vines藤,藤蔓
liana藤本植物
teeming充滿的
hickory山胡桃屬植物
maple槭樹,楓樹
poplar白楊
beech山毛櫸
dormant冬眠的;休眠的
array大量
Sierra 內華達山脈正確的說法是「the Sierra Nevada」，或簡稱為「the Sierra」
spruce雲杉
fir冷杉
cedar西洋杉
hemlock鐵杉
pine松樹
conifer針葉樹
acidity酸性;酸度
lynx山貓
burrow洞穴,地道
rodent齧齒目動物
warbler鳴禽
caterpillar毛蟲,蠋(蝶、蛾的幼蟲)
sitka spruce 錫特卡雲杉
Harpy eagle哈比鷹
Toco toucan托科巨嘴鳥
Wooly opossum負鼠
Brazilian tapir貘(ㄇㄛˋ)
Black-crowned antpitta蟻鶇(dong ㄉㄨㄥ)
Mountains play important ecological roles
19. play important ecological roles, habitats(endemic species, sanctuaries), regulate climate, hydrologic cycle.
freestanding獨立式的
sanctuary庇護所,避難所
fate命運
