Core case study-- blowing in the wind: connections between wind, climate, and biomes
1.the important of wind. the goodside: temperature, nutrients(phosphate, iron). the downside: dust storm, harmful substances(reddish-brown soil紅棕鈣土, pesticides殺蟲劑, fungi), toxic algal bloom(red tide), long-lived air pollutant污染物, smog.
unbearably不能忍受地
canopy頂篷
minute微小的
SUV (sport utility vehicle)
crust外殼
outbreak爆發
shellfish貝;甲殼類動物
paralyzed使麻痺
intensify加強,增強
5.1 What factors influence climate?
weather
climate
average temperature
average precipitation
latitude
elevation
cell
prevailing wind
current
density
ENSO
The earth have many different climates
2. different weather(short-term) and climate(general pattern)-temperature and precipitation
3. climate relate factor: latitude and elevation
humorist幽默作家
Global air circulation and ocean currents distribute heat and precipitation unevenly
4. three factors determine how air circulates in the atmosphere: a.uneven heating, b. rotation of the earth on its axis, c. properties of air, water, and land.
5. prevailing winds, six giant convection 對流cells( Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, polar cell)
6. currents洋流 北半球順時針 南半球反時針 help mix ocean water and distribute nutrients and dissolved oyxgen
7. heat is also distributed to the different parts of the ocean and mix vertically
8. ocean and atmosphere are strongly linked in two ways: ocean currents are affected by wind, heat from the ocean affects atmosphere circulations
9. ENSO (El Nino-- Southern Oscillation)
slanted斜的
deflected使偏斜;使轉向
bulk大部分
conveyer belt傳送帶
2. different weather(short-term) and climate(general pattern)-temperature and precipitation
3. climate relate factor: latitude and elevation
humorist幽默作家
Global air circulation and ocean currents distribute heat and precipitation unevenly
4. three factors determine how air circulates in the atmosphere: a.uneven heating, b. rotation of the earth on its axis, c. properties of air, water, and land.
5. prevailing winds, six giant convection 對流cells( Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, polar cell)
6. currents洋流 北半球順時針 南半球反時針 help mix ocean water and distribute nutrients and dissolved oyxgen
7. heat is also distributed to the different parts of the ocean and mix vertically
8. ocean and atmosphere are strongly linked in two ways: ocean currents are affected by wind, heat from the ocean affects atmosphere circulations
9. ENSO (El Nino-- Southern Oscillation)
slanted斜的
deflected使偏斜;使轉向
bulk大部分
conveyer belt傳送帶
Greehouse gases warm the lower atmosphere
10. greenhouse gases: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide.
nitrous oxide一氧化二氮, 氧化亞氮
The earth's surface feature affect local climates
11. water and land different absorbed and released heat
12.topographic features: mountains (windward slop/leeward slop)
13. rain shadow effect can formation desert (Mt Whitney and Death valley)
14. cities also create distinct microclimates
suck up吸收
asphalt瀝青;柏油
haze霾,薄霧
