Most populations live in clumps or patches
clump形成一叢(或一堆、一團等)
creosote bush木餾(油)小灌木叢
Populations can grow, shirink, or remain stable
birth, immigration, death, emigration
No population can grow indefinitely: J-curves and S-curves
intrinsic rate of increase 內在增殖率
biotic potential生物潛能,生物在最適環境條件下的最大生殖能力。
impose把...強加於
infectious傳染性的
dwindle漸漸減少;變小
level off 弄平
sigmoid - S形的
logistic growth-sigmoid function又稱logistic function,Logit模型(Logit model,也译作“评定模型”,“分类评定模型”,又作Logistic regression,“逻辑回归”)是离散选择法模型之一,属于多重变量分析范畴,是社会学、生物统计学、临床、数量心理学、市场营销等统计实证分析的常用方法
dieback(植物)枝葉枯萎(而根部仍活)
Species have different reproduction patterns
reproductive生殖的
r-selected species 機會
rodent齧齒目動物
dandelion蒲公英
foothold立足處,踏腳處
boom-and-bust cycle繁榮與蕭條
k-selected species均衡
birds of prey猛禽
saguaro北美洲巨型仙人掌
orange roughy大西洋胸棘鯛
swordfish箭(劍)魚
Human are not exempt from nature's population control
exempt免除,豁免[(+from)]
bubonic plague腺鼠疫
flu epidemic流感
fatal致命的
immunodeficiency免疫不全
toll傷亡人數
ingenuity心靈手巧;獨創性;足智多謀
impose加(負擔等)於[(+on/upon)]
Case study - exploding white-tailed deer populations in the United States
soared猛增;暴漲
lyme disease萊姆病,一種螺旋體細菌Borrelia burgdorferi引起的,患病者開始會有發燒頭疼,脖子僵硬,肌肉關節酸痛,淋巴腫脹等現象,嚴重的有皮膚,關節,神經,心臟和大腦等系統的嚴重疾病。家禽寵物或者居家老鼠、也會帶有傳播病菌的跳蚤。由跳蚤(硬壁虱,Ixodes spp)叮咬傳染人類。
archer弓箭手
tree stand
cruel殘忍的,殘酷的
scent氣味
rotting腐爛,腐壞
fencing柵欄;籬笆
vaccine疫苗的
sterilize使絕育
repel擊退;驅除