17.4(2)p419-423

Citizen environmental groups play important roles
1. NGOs 1970 有 2,000 至今有 100,000個團體
2. NGO從幾個人的草根小團體 到5百萬人的全球組織--世界自然基金會(WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature since 1993).此外還有包括: 綠色和平組織(greenpeace), 美國自然保育協會(The Nature Conservancy), 國際保育組織(Conservation International), 葛萊敏銀行(Grameen Bank)等大型國際組織.
3. global sustainability movement
4. some industries and environmental group are working together to find solutions to environmental problems.(McDonald, FedEx)
5.環保團體的手段方式: 土地信託. 非暴力示威靜坐. 激進的抗議行動
landfill垃圾填埋
waste incinerator焚化爐
tactic戰術;策略;手法
sway使動搖;影響
controversial有爭議的
militant激進的

Students can play important environmental roles
6. students, faculty教員, and administration行政人員共同合作
7. environmental audits環境稽核
8. 永續校園: recycling programs, geen dorm. 永續社區: toxic pollutants, ecological restoration project.
9. more holistic apporach to studying business
audit審計;查帳
panel鏡板
restoration修復;復原
endowment捐贈的基金
curriculum課程

Corporations can play a key role in achieving environmental sustainability
10. a delicate, dynamic balance between capitalism and democracy
11. government intervention
12. 轉向永續的社會與經濟需要大量的資金與研發 因此獲利的企業.銀行.貸款機構扮演重要腳色
13. eco-efficiency, finding the way to create more economic value with less environmental impact
14. WBCSD 2006 published 'ecosystem challenges and business implications'. it stated that there is an urgent need to attach economic values to natural resources.
delicate易碎的
thrive興旺,繁榮
strive努力,苦幹,奮鬥
curtail縮減,削減;縮短
strangle抑制,壓制
excessive過度的;過分的
coalition聯盟
implication牽連;涉及

Environmental security is as important as military and economic security
15. strong relation between growing scarcities of resources and the spread of civil violence and dysfunctional government.
legitimately正當地,合理地
fabric結構
deteriorate惡化
dysfunctional不正常的
dispute爭論;爭執
diplomacy外交

We can develop stronger international environmental policies
16.主要組織為 United Nations (UNEP,聯合國環境規劃署 WHO世界衛生組織, UNDP合國開發計劃署, FAO聯合國糧農組織)
17. 其他組織有world bank, global environmental facility(GEF)全球環境基金, world conservation union(IUCN)
18. 國際組織扮演重要角色在: a. 擴大了解環境議題 b. 收集與評估環境資料 c. 發展與監督國際環境條約 d. 提供補助與貸款來減少貧窮經由永續的經濟發展 e. 協助超國100個國家發展環境法律及機構.
19. 1972 U.N. conference on the human environment 聯合國人類環境會議 in Stockholm, Sweden. 類似世界衛生組織(WHO)成立世界環境組織(WEO)
20. environmental performance index(EPI)
Global Environment Facility全球環境基金
unding資金;基金
treaty條約,協定
nonbinding無約束
Mauritania茅利塔尼亞(非洲一國名)
Niger尼日

We can shift to more environmentally sustainable societies
21. transition guidelines: a. preventing b. marketplae solution c. win-win or trade-off solution d. stop exaggerating
22. rethink prioities
23. it is a political and ethical decision
Cash register收銀機
confrontation對抗
exaggerating使增大,使擴大;使過大
thorny多刺的
vow誓言,誓約
persistence堅持
enlist獲得(支持,幫助等)
eradicate連根拔除,根絕;消滅
ethical倫理的,道德的